Hca 240 Appendix c

Vascular Events in an Inflammatory Response

Events Simplified description of event Professional description of event

1st Germs from the nail are introduced below the skin. A dirty nail punctures the Epithelium, and enters the connective tissue of the body. The bacteria on the dirty nail begin the process of binary fission at the site. This trauma or injury triggers a nonspecific response mechanism called the inflammatory response.

2nd Surrounding cells leak fluid that affect the blood vessels. The cells in the damaged tissue release a fluid called histamine.

3rd The fluid affecting the surrounding blood vessels cause the release of other cells into the tissue. Histamine dilates blood vessels and increases the permeability of capillary walls that allow plasma and neutrophils to move out of the blood vessels into the damaged tissue or release inflammatory exudate.

4th As the wounded part of the body reacts to the germs, certain cells destroy these germs. Hyperemia to the infected site increase chemotaxis and phagocytosis of the cell debris and bacteria.

Hypersensitivity

Give a brief description and example in your own words for each of the four types of hypersensitivity presented in Ch. 2.

Hypersensitivity Matrix

Type of Hypersensitivity Description Example

Type I: Allergic/Anaphylactic Type I hypersensitivities can be local (atopic allergy) or systemic (anaphylactic shock) severe inflammation caused by an allergen binding to the immunoglobulin IgE on mast cells. Typical allergens are bee venom, certain foods, or pollen. The usual allergic reaction time is within 30 minutes of exposure or contact. An example would be someone who is allergic to bee stings. They have an allergic reaction usually immediately, and need to carry an epinephrine pen for emergencies in case they are stung.

Type II: Cytotoxic/Cytolytic Type II is a cell hypersensitivity to immunoglobulins IgG and IgM that interact with a foreign cell’s antigens and antibodies that...